Small bridges are frequently affected by deterioration caused by reinforcement corrosion, cracking and concrete degradation. In most cases, these defects do not result from structural failures, but rather from factors such as inadequate concrete cover, leaking joints, chloride-induced corrosion, or poor construction practices. For many civil and structural engineers, diagnosing these problems (and their causes), and selecting the appropriate remediation strategies often lies outside their core expertise.

This paper highlights strategic considerations for rehabilitation planning that emphasise whole‑of‑life asset performance rather than short‑term interventions that may restrict future corrosion management options.

This paper summarises the performance of some of the ICCP, HACP and SACP systems operating in New South Wales, Australia. This information will be useful for asset owners who need to select the most efficient corrosion protection technology based on the expected service life of their assets.

This paper highlights the technical challenges posed by Microbially Induced Corrosion (MIC) and the harsh environmental conditions, and it critically examines the limitations of current cathodic protection standards in addressing protection criteria for similarly complex structures.

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of years of monitoring data, comparing the performance of ICCP, galvanic, and hybrid anode installations on various bridges across Australia. This paper presents data on the comparative effectiveness of these corrosion protection systems, in accordance with the applicable protection criteria detailed in Australian Standard AS 2832.5 – 2008 (R2018).

In this paper, four-point Wenner probe resistivity tests of four commercially available mortars marketed as ‘low resistivity’ polymer-modified repair mortars were carried out over a period of 18 months. The experiment results indicated substantial increases in resistivity over time for all mortars in saturated and outdoor exposure conditions, which were beyond the short-term resistivity data of 28 days presented in manufacturers’ technical data sheets and perceived to be the long-term maximum mortar resistivity.

This paper will outline the theory of concrete realkalisation, provide details of the realkalisation treatment for the three bridges, and will highlight how innovative technologies can successfully be adopted for extending the service life of infrastructure.

In 2005, a cathodic prevention system was installed during construction at the Sea Cliff Bridge along Lawrence Hargrave Drive (LHD) in New South Wales, Australia. The bridge is located in an unusually severe marine environment as it faces the open ocean and is subject to splashing in high sea swells, putting it at high risk of chloride-induced corrosion. This paper will present the theory of cathodic prevention and will include a performance summary of the system after nearly 17 years of operation.

This paper presents performance data from a recently completed major rehabilitation project of a multi-story building in Sydney, Australia, where both impressed current and galvanic cathodic protection systems have been utilized. This paper outlines the reasons behind the selection process of the corrosion protection systems and presents the performance data of some of the protection systems post-construction. This paper aims to assist owners in the selection process of the optimum corrosion protection solution for their assets.

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of years of monitoring data, comparing the performance of ICCP, galvanic, and hybrid anode installations on various bridges across Australia. This paper presents data on the comparative effectiveness of these corrosion protection systems, in accordance with the applicable protection criteria detailed in Australian Standard AS 2832.5 – 2008 (R2018).

This paper presents guidelines related to the selection process of the corrosion protection system for concrete structures. These guidelines have been developed based on the author’s experience with the design, installation, and monitoring of various corrosion protection systems installed in Australia for the protection of marine infrastructure assets.

This paper presents operational data from ICCP systems installed on reinforced and prestressed concrete structures located in atmospheric and tidal zones. The data presented in this paper highlights key issues related to monitoring of such systems. These issues include the type of reference electrodes, the need for ongoing calibration procedures for embedded reference electrodes in concrete in certain applications, and the selection of control systems which allow for accurate data acquisition required for performing monitoring and adjustment of the cathodic protection system.

This paper presents an innovative and practical method utilising existing Wenner Probe equipment, capable of eliminating and/or minimising the influence of these factors in atmospheric conditions. The new method minimises the impact of concrete surface variability by establishing an alternative, reliable electrolytic contact between the Wenner equipment probes and concrete.

This paper provides guidelines on the selection process for determining the optimum corrosion protection solution for reinforced concrete structures. This paper also highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the available cathodic protection technologies, and presents the latest technological developments in galvanic anode, hybrid, and impressed
current cathodic protection systems.

This paper will present information on the new developments which have emerged from long-term experience and research work related to the simplification in the design, installation and improved monitoring of ICCP systems.

This paper will present information related to Solar ICCP technology and new developments which have emerged from long-term experience and research work related to the simplification in the design, installation and monitoring of ICCP systems.

This paper verifies a methodology for the prevention of grout acidification in ICCP systems. The results presented in this paper confirm that insufficient anode embedment, often combined with poor quality control and workmanship during ICCP system construction, allow water to ingress to the ribbon anode and these are the primary causes of localised grout acidification.

This paper will highlight the key areas for improvement and the lessons learnt from past cathodic protection applications, and will propose a series of recommended changes to current practices that can be considered for implementation in the design and installation of new impressed current cathodic protection systems in concrete.

In 1999, an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system was installed and commissioned on several steel-reinforced concrete structures that support the Port of Brisbane’s Wharves 4 and 5.

Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) for reinforced concrete structures is a proven technology which has provided long term corrosion prevention for a number of marine structures owned by the NSW Department of Industry (DoI) Lands.

Impressed current cathodic protection (CP) for reinforced concrete structures is a proven technology which can provide long term corrosion prevention for marine structures if properly designed and installed. This technology has been applied to a large number of concrete structures in Australia over ....

Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) for reinforced concrete structures is a proven technology which can provide long term corrosion prevention solutions for marine structures. The three main issues associated with the long term performance and low cost maintenance of a CP system are the...

Corrosion is a major factor that can affect the service of life and safety of a structure. Steel components, a mainstay in structures constructed of reinforced and prestressed concrete are subject to corrosion stemming from several factors, which include water, chlorides from deicing salts and coa ...

In recent years, increased service life and structural monitoring requirements are often specified for major bridges which will be built in a marine environment. Previously, different measures were considered to improve the durability of these new structures. These measures included the modification ...

In recent years, durability requirements are often specified for new reinforced concrete structures especially for structures to be built in marine environments. It is evident today that the use of high performance concrete, good concrete cover, corrosion inhibitors and protective coating is ...

This paper will review the history of Cathodic Protection (CP) of steel in concrete in Australia, the design of CP systems, the various anode and control systems used, the maintenance
and monitoring of existing CP systems and the method of project delivery of CP contracts in
Australia.

The Trident Building is a 15 storey apartment complex situated on a beach frontage in the Sydney suburb of Manly. As a part of a major building refurbishment during 1996-1997, cathodic protection repair was carried out to selected elements of the building. The refurbishment work included major ...

Chloride-induced corrosion can have severe impacts on the integrity of reinforced concrete structures and can dramatically shorten their service. Cathodic Prevention (CPrev) is an effective electrochemical method used to prevent the initiation of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures in marine ...

Cathodic prevention (CPrev) of reinforced concrete structures is used to improve the corrosion resistance of reinforcement for marine structures that are expected to suffer from chloride-induced corrosion during their service life. As a part of a major rehabilitation programme to the Sydney Opera ...

A range of Queensland Main Roads concrete structures have been instrumented with linear polarisation resistance (LPR) probes to determine the long-term durability performance of repair solutions in two cases and in another case put into a new ...

Corrosion evaluation of reinforcement embedded in concrete is often carried out by employing various techniques and tests. Half-cell potential mapping is a well-known technique used mainly to provide information regarding the probability of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. In combination ...

Cathodic protection of steel in concrete has emerged in the last 10-15 years from being an experimental method to a well-established technique to combat reinforcement corrosion, particularly chloride-induced corrosion. Various organisations have produced sets of criteria against which the performa ...

Electrochemical treatment of reinfmced concrete structures has been used extensively in Australia This paper will describe one of the largest cathodic protection systems for reinforced concrete structures in Australia. The area of the cathodic protection (CP) system for the Port of Brisbane is ...

A significant number of Australia’s road bridges are located in coastal regions and hence subject to aggressive environmental conditions through direct contact with salt water and indirectly through wind borne salts. This paper describes the electrochemical ...

As a part of a major rehabilitation programme of the Sydney Opera House, cathodic prevention and cathodic protection systems were installed to protect new precast elements, the soffit and piers under the western broadwalk. The CP installation was carried out using a grid anode installed in the new ...

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